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The new Arab revolutions that shook the world
Author
Publisher
Paradigm Publishers
Publication Date
c2012
Language
English
Description
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Table of Contents
From the Book
Acknowledgments
Introduction
The Enlarged Phenomenological Perspective
A New Paradigm for Social Movements?
The Demo-Movements (DM)
The Arc of Demo-Movements
Part I. Unexpected Demo-Movements in the Middle East and North Africa and Their Dynamics
1. The Iranian Green Movement
Differences and Similarities between the Arab Revolutions
Precedents of the Green Movement
2. The Tunisian Revolution of Dignity and Freedom
The Historical Precedents
The Gafsa Mineral Field
The 18 October Movement for Rights and Freedoms
The Ben Guerdane Revolt
The Counterintuitive Character of the Tunisian Revolution
The Jasmin Revolution's Symbolic Causes
The Hectic Revolutionary Imaginary
The Revolutionary Drama Unfolds
The Effect of New Communications on the Jasmin Revolution
3. Egypt's Revolution
Historical Precedents
The Kefaya Movement
The April 6 Youth Movement
Khaled Said and His Posthumous Role
The Impact of New Communications on the Egyptian Revolution
4. The Arab Spring through Historical Precedents in Other Countries
The Reactionary Awakening and the Containment of the French Revolution
The Springtime of the People, 1848
Dual Visions of Revolution: 1688 versus 1789
Comparison with Color and Velvet Revolutions in Eastern Europe
Latin American Transition to Democracy as Another Parallel to the Arab Spring
The Cedar Revolution in Lebanon
Part II. The Would-Be Middle Class as the Subjective Foundation of the Arab Spring
5. The "Would-Be Middle Class"
Women and the Sense of Quasi-Equality with Men
Dignity versus Honor
Dignity, Humiliation, Decency, Recognition
The Three Periods and the Fate of Empathy
Perspectives of Civil Society
The Subjective Civil Society
Netizens and the Virtual Agora
Lessons from the Past
Subjectivation as the Self-Realization of the Would-Be Middle Class
The Role of the Economy in the Would-Be Middle Class
Diaspora and the Dream of Joining the Middle Class
The Imaginary Side of the Diaspora
Revisiting Modernization Theories
6. Characteristics of the Demo-Movements
Lack of Explicit Leadership
Avoidance of Violence
Reconsidering Nonviolence in the Arab Autumn
Lack of Explicit Strategy
Lack of Specific Ideology
The Death of Holistic Utopias: Authoritarian Nationalism versus Jihadism
The Lack of an Avant-Garde and the Advent of Intermediary Intellectuals
The Loss of Centrality of Religion: The Post-Islamist Age
The New Pan-Arabism versus the Old
The Historical Precedents
Divisions in the Arab World
The Three Waves of Pan-Arabism
Democracy without Shame
The Gender Issue
The Islamic Puzzle
The Islamist Question: The Taming of the Shrew?
The Evolution of a Revolutionary Group towards Democracy in Morocco
The Student Movement in Iran
7. Obstacles to Democracy
Sectarian, Communal, and Tribal Strife
Bahrain as a Case of Pseudo-Sectarian Strife
Syrian Sectarianism
Egypt's Communal Strife
Yemen's Sectarian and Communal Strife
Libyan Tribal Strife
Violence in the Uprising
The Persecuted Identity
The "Refuseniks" Attitude
The Difficult Task of Overcoming Sectarianism
Part III. The New Social Actors
8. Social and State Actors and New Technologies
Types of Social Movements According to Communication Technology
Technologies of Communication
Authoritarian Governments' Use of the Media
The Internet, Arab Public Opinion, and the New Individual
Soft Mobilization Technologies
9. The New Social Actor and Demographics
Demographic Change
Role of Education
Access to New Communication Technologies
10. Types of Activists, Old and New
Citizen Journalists
Mistreated Journalists in the Post-Revolutionary Era
Human Rights Activists and World Public Opinion as a Moral Witness
Nonpolitical Activists
Child, Adolescent, and Teenage Activists
Political Activists
Professionals
Medics as the New Activists
Twitter, Facebook, and Blogs
Women Activists
Asma Mahfouz
Mona Seif and Gigi Ibrahim
Nawara Najem
Tawakul Karman
Bushra al-Maqtari
Syrian Women Activists
Simple Nurses
Transgression of Blasphemy Rules: The Naked Woman on Facebook
Clerics and Theologians
Muslim Brotherhood Youth
Martyrs for a Cause
Self-immolation: Bouazizi's Paradigm of Martyrdom
Benghazi's Martyr Mehdi Zive
On-the-Spot Journalist Mohammed Nabbous
Al Jazeera Martyr Ali Hassan al-Jaber
Fortuitous Martyr Neda Agha Soltan
Martyrs with or without Premeditation
Collective Tunisian Martyrs and Their Celebration in a Politically Motivated Manner
The Ambiguous Martyr
Heroes
Trade Union Activists
Heavy Metal Activists
The Trans-Sectarian Activist: Fadwa Soliman
Royal Family Members
Ambiguous Actors: The Ex-Jihadist Belhaj
The Cousins al-Zumar, Former Jihadists, Current Peaceful Party Members?
Organizations as Social Actors
The Gaza Youth Movement
The Campaign for One Million Signatures and Iranian Women Activists
Football Clubs and Players
The Free Syrian Army: Defecting Soldiers
The Egyptian Islamic Group Gama'a al-Islamiya: From Jihad to Peaceful Party Politics
11. The Symbolic Dimensions of the Arab Spring
The Revolutionary Slogan "People Demand …"
Cultural Mobilization through Music and Poetry
Symbolic Days
New Functions of Western Languages
Symbolic Topography
Countersymbolic Figures
Desecrating the Dictator
Rationale behind the Jokes
The Symbolic Dimension of Mubarak's Trial
12. The Geopolitical Actors
Before the Arab Spring
The Counterrevolutionary Reaction to the Arab Spring
America's Dilemma
Ambivalent American Policies and Their Unintended Consequences
Iran's Malaise
Arab Governments, Washington, and the Rise of Turkey
The Rise of Qatar
Current Consequences of the Arab Spring
Conclusion
Glossary
Notes
Bibliography
About the Author
Excerpt
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Author Notes
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Subjects
Subjects
Democratization
Democratization -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
History
Political activity
Political participation
Political participation -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
Protest movements
Protest movements -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
Youth
Youth -- Political activity -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
Youth protest movements
Youth protest movements -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
Democratization -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
History
Political activity
Political participation
Political participation -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
Protest movements
Protest movements -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
Youth
Youth -- Political activity -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
Youth protest movements
Youth protest movements -- Arab countries -- History -- 21st century
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ISBN
9781612050836
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