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Climate change biology
Publisher
CABI
Publication Date
c2011
Language
English
Description
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Table of Contents
From the Book
Part I. Preliminaries. 1. Putting it in perspective : the palaeorecord and climate reconstructions. Methods of Palaeoclimatic reconstruction Methods of chronology determination Sources of Palaeoclimatic information Causes of climatic variability The history of the earth's climate Conclusions 2. Projecting future climates. What are scenarios? From emissions to climate projections: general circulation models Regional models and the problem of downscaling Hindcasts and model validation Model results and projections Conclusions 3. Methods for studying the impacts of climatic change. Observational methods Experimental methods Theoretical and statistical methods Conclusions Part II. Impacts from physiology to evolution. 4. Physiological responses. Photosynthesis review Photosynthetic responses to climate change Nutrient- and water-use efficiencies Growth responses Phenological responses Changes in plant quality and defences Conclusions 4. Population responses in time and space. What is a population and how do we study its response? Functional trait and within-species responses to climatic change Complex population dynamics in time: lags, cycles and regime shifts Range shifts and spatial distributions Clonal growth responses to climatic change Conclusions 6. Community composition and dynamics. Changes in the distribution and abundance of coexisting populations The challenges of studying climate change effects on community Evidence for global warming effects on community composition and diversity Evidence for effects of altered precipitation on community composition Evidence for effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on community compositions Climate change, disturbance and succession Multitrophic responses to climatic change Conclusions 7. Ecosystem responses. Ecosystems and carbon Factors that regulate carbon sequestration Impacts on net primary productivity Impacts on heterotrophic respiration Impacts on net ecosystem productivity Impacts on nutrient cycling Conclusions 8. Evolutionary responses to climatic change. Phenotypic plasticity and ecological fitting Genetic variation Adaptive rescue Rapid evolution Experimental evolution Correlated genetic traits Conclusions
Part III. Applications.
9. Responses by soil organisms.
Responses of the detrital system
Responses of the biotrophic system
Soil food web responses
Plant-soil feedbacks
Conclusions
10. The future of forest productivity.
Impacts on net primary production
Carbon allocation patterns
Changes in disturbance regimes
Conclusions
11. The future of agricultural production.
Impacts on crop systems
Potential for adaptation
Future agricultural production
The future of crop protection
Conclusions
12. Impacts on biodiversity.
Consequences of biodiversity loss
Measures of biodiversity
Biodiversity patterns at local, regional and global spatial scales
Biodiversity decline and climatic change
Diversity-productivity, diversity-stability and diversity-disturbance relationships
Invasive species and climate change
Protected areas and other management practices in a changing climate
Conclusions
Part V. Final considerations.
13. Multiple stressors.
Global ecological changes and climatic change
Interactive effects and positive feedbacks
Stress versus disturbance
Climate change and disturbance events
CO₂ elevation, temperature and precipitation
Climate change and nitrogen deposition
Climate change and ozone
Climate change, land use and habitat loss
Conclusions
14.The limits of science.
Introduction
Factors limiting our ability to make predictions
Persistent uncertainty and the limits of science
Conclusions.
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ISBN
9781845937485
9781845936709
9781845936709
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