Introduction and visual glossary
Quick guides to buds & twigs
Athorns, spines, bristles, or prickers
Buds covered with small scales
Buds hidden beneath leaf scar
Several buds at twig twips
Large distinctive buds at twig tips
Thorns, spines, bristles, or prickers
Leaves with coarse teeth or scallops
No teeth or scallops at all
Leaves with distinctive shapes
Leaves with fine uniform teeth
Leaves with two sizes of teeth