Why do we still have the electoral college?

Part I. Origins: From the Constitution to the Twelfth Amendment

Part II. The long fight against winner-take-all: Electoral reform in the era of good feelings

Three uneasy pieces: the persistence of winner-take-all

Part III. A national popular vote

"A population anomalous" and a national popular vote, 1800-

An idea whose time has come

Last call for the twentieth century

Part IV. Stalemate: Resignation and innovation, 1979-.

Part I. Origins. From the Constitution to the Twelfth Amendment

Part II. The long struggle to abolish winner-take-all. Electoral reform in the era of good feelings

Three uneasy pieces, 1870-1960

Part III. A national popular vote. "A population anomalous" and a national popular vote, 1800-1960

An idea whose time has come

Last call for the twentieth century

Part IV. Partisan stalemate and electoral misfires. Pessimism and innovation, 1980-2020

Appendix A. Public opinion polls

Appendix B. Constitutional provisions for Presidential elections

Appendix C. The evolution of the term Electoral College.