Understanding Vietnam

How the Vietnamese see the world

Confrontation with the West, 1858-1930

The Yin of early modern Vietnamese culture challenges the Yang of tradition, 1932-1939

The end of colonialism and the emergence of two competing models for building a modern nation, 1940-1954

Yin and Yang in modern guise, 1955-1970

Continuity and change in Vietnamese culture and society, 1968-1975

Another cycle unfolds.